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KMID : 0613820180280070874
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Journal of Life Science
2018 Volume.28 No. 7 p.874 ~ p.883
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Bone Metabolism and Estrogenic Effect of Phytochemicals
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Kim Bo-Kyung
Kim Mi-Hyang
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Abstract
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Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the risk of fracture by decreasing the mass and strength of bone. It is caused by imbalance of osteoclast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption. Bone formation by osteoblast is activated via bone morphogenetic proteins and runt-related transcription factor 2. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bone resorption by osteoclast are initiated by the binding of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB. Menopausal women are at risk for many diseases due to hormonal imbalances, and osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disorder in 30% of postmenopausal women. When estrogen is deficient, bone resorption of osteoclasts is promoted, and the risk of osteoporosis especially increases in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy has been widely used to relieve or treat the symptoms of menopausal syndrome. However, long-term administration of hormone therapy has been associated with a high risk of side effects, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Recently, phytochemicals have been actively studied as a phytoestrogen, which has an estrogen-like activity to cope with symptoms of menopausal syndrome. Therefore, in this review, we investigated the differentiation mechanism of osteoblast and osteoclast and the role of estrogen and phytoestrogen in bone metabolism in relation to previous studies.
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KEYWORD
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Bone metabolism, differentiation, estrogenic effect, osteoblast, osteoclast
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